People who don't go outside in Japan are called hikikomori.
Hikikomori (引きこもり or ひきこもり) is a Japanese term to describe individuals who withdraw from social life, often seeking extreme degrees of isolation and confinement. These individuals frequently stay in their homes for months or even years, avoiding contact with family, friends, and society in general.
Understanding Hikikomori
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Definition: The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare defines hikikomori as individuals who have remained isolated in their homes for at least six months, not attending school or work, and avoiding social interactions.
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Prevalence: While exact numbers are difficult to obtain due to the hidden nature of the condition, government surveys suggest that hundreds of thousands of individuals in Japan identify as hikikomori. Some experts believe the actual figure is significantly higher. A 2019 survey found roughly 541,000, but that is believed to be a significant underestimate.
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Causes: The causes of hikikomori are complex and multifaceted. Common contributing factors include:
- Societal Pressures: Intense academic and professional competition in Japanese society can lead to stress and anxiety, prompting some individuals to withdraw.
- Bullying and Social Exclusion: Experiences of bullying or social isolation can contribute to feelings of inadequacy and a desire to avoid social situations.
- Family Dynamics: Dysfunctional family relationships or overprotective parenting can play a role in the development of hikikomori.
- Mental Health: Underlying mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety disorders, and social anxiety can also be contributing factors.
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Characteristics: Hikikomori exhibit a range of behaviors, including:
- Social Withdrawal: Avoiding all forms of social interaction, including contact with family and friends.
- Confinement: Staying indoors for extended periods, often months or years.
- Dependence: Relying on family members for financial support and daily needs.
- Negative Emotions: Experiencing feelings of loneliness, shame, and hopelessness.
Support and Treatment
Addressing hikikomori requires a comprehensive approach that may include:
- Therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and other forms of psychotherapy can help individuals address underlying mental health issues and develop coping skills.
- Family Support: Family therapy and support groups can provide families with the tools and resources they need to support their loved ones.
- Social Reintegration Programs: Programs designed to help individuals gradually reintegrate into society can provide a safe and structured environment for building social skills and confidence.
Hikikomori is a serious social issue in Japan that requires understanding, compassion, and effective support.
