The problem-solving model in social work is a practical framework designed to empower individuals to effectively address challenges in their lives. At its core, a social worker helps an individual identify a problem, create an action plan to solve it, and implement the solution.
Understanding the Model
Created by renowned social worker and author Helen Harris Perlman in her seminal work "Social Casework: A Problem-solving Process," this model provides a structured yet flexible approach. It moves beyond simply providing resources for a client and instead focuses on working with the client to develop their own problem-solving capacities.
How the Model Works
The process typically involves several key steps, guiding both the social worker and the client through the journey of confronting and resolving difficulties.
Here's a simplified breakdown:
| Step | Description |
|---|---|
| Identify the Problem | Clearly define and understand the specific issue the individual is facing. |
| Create an Action Plan | Develop strategies and steps the individual will take to address the problem. |
| Implement the Solution | Put the plan into action and work towards achieving the desired outcome. |
Practical Application
This model is highly applicable in various social work settings because it focuses on achievable goals and empowers the individual.
- Example 1: Finding Housing
- Problem: Homelessness or inadequate housing.
- Plan: Identify housing options, gather required documents, apply for assistance programs.
- Implement: Execute the search, complete applications, attend interviews.
- Example 2: Managing Conflict
- Problem: Interpersonal conflict with a family member.
- Plan: Identify triggers, learn communication techniques, set boundaries.
- Implement: Practice new communication skills, engage in mediation if appropriate.
By breaking down complex problems into manageable steps, the model makes the process less overwhelming and increases the likelihood of success, fostering resilience and self-efficacy in the individual.
