A waterfall test is a testing approach that is part of the larger Waterfall model, a linear and structured software development methodology. This model follows a sequential approach, meaning each phase must be completed before the next one begins.
Understanding the Waterfall Model
The Waterfall model, and subsequently a Waterfall test, operates with distinct phases that are completed in order:
- Requirements: All requirements for the software are gathered and documented.
- Design: The system is designed based on the gathered requirements.
- Implementation: The actual coding of the software takes place.
- Testing: The developed software is tested thoroughly.
- Deployment: The software is deployed to the users.
- Maintenance: Ongoing support, bug fixes, and updates are provided.
Key Characteristics of a Waterfall Test:
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Sequential | Testing begins only after the coding phase is completed. |
| Rigid Structure | The process is linear, with no backtracking or overlap between phases. |
| Comprehensive | Aims to test all aspects of the software thoroughly since testing is performed towards the end. |
| Documentation | Relies on detailed documentation produced during each phase. |
Limitations
According to the reference, the waterfall model, and therefore its testing methodology, is very inflexible when it comes to dynamic environment changes. This inflexibility arises from:
- Late Discovery of Defects: Testing happens late in the cycle, which means that if any major design flaws are identified, significant rework and time might be needed.
- Limited Feedback Loop: Because the test phase comes so late in the process, feedback cannot easily be incorporated, leading to difficulties in addressing change requests.
Example of a Waterfall Test
Imagine a project where an application for online shopping is developed.
- The requirements are collected, such as user login, browsing, and purchase options.
- The design phase creates the user interface and database structure.
- Developers code the application based on the design specifications.
- Only after the entire application is built, the testing phase starts, checking functionalities like user registration, shopping cart, payment gateway.
- If a major issue, like a security vulnerability in the payment system, is found during the testing phase, the team will have to go back and fix the problems, potentially causing significant delays and requiring rework on previously completed phases.
In essence, a Waterfall test refers to the testing phase in the Waterfall model that occurs after the development is complete.
