Leaf mould works through the decomposition of fallen leaves, primarily by fungi, into a valuable soil conditioner.
Unlike composting which relies heavily on bacterial action, leaf mould relies primarily on the action of fungi. Here's a breakdown of the process:
- Collection: Fallen leaves are gathered, typically in the autumn.
- Decomposition: Fungi, which thrive in cool, moist conditions, slowly break down the tough cellulose structure of the leaves. Bacteria also play a role, but the fungal action is dominant. This process is much slower than the bacterial action in a typical compost heap.
- Environment: The leaf pile needs to be kept moist but not waterlogged to encourage fungal growth. Airflow is also important, so the leaves shouldn't be compacted too tightly.
- End Product: Over time, the leaves transform into a dark, crumbly material known as leaf mould. This usually takes 1-2 years.
Leaf mould improves soil structure, increases water retention, and provides a slow-release source of nutrients for plants. It's particularly beneficial for acid-loving plants like rhododendrons and azaleas. Because it's made by fungi rather than bacteria predominantly, it's best made in a separate heap than standard compost.
