Humus is not something you directly "grow" in the way you grow plants. Instead, you create humus through the decomposition of organic matter. Essentially, you grow the ingredients for humus and then let nature do its work. The primary methods for creating humus are through composting and incorporating manure into the soil.
Creating Humus: Composting
Composting is a natural process that transforms organic waste into a nutrient-rich soil amendment – humus. Here's how to do it:
- Collect Organic Materials: Gather "brown" materials (carbon-rich) such as dried leaves, straw, shredded paper, and "green" materials (nitrogen-rich) like grass clippings, vegetable scraps, and coffee grounds.
- Layer the Materials: Alternate layers of brown and green materials in a compost bin or pile. A good ratio is approximately 2 parts brown to 1 part green.
- Maintain Moisture: Keep the compost pile moist like a wrung-out sponge. Add water if it's too dry.
- Turn the Compost: Turn the compost pile regularly (every week or two) to aerate it. This speeds up the decomposition process.
- Wait for Decomposition: Over time (weeks to months), the organic materials will break down, transforming into dark, crumbly humus. You'll know it's ready when you can no longer identify the original materials.
Creating Humus: Using Manure
Manure is animal waste that can be added to the soil to improve its fertility and create humus.
- Source Manure: Obtain manure from animals like cows, horses, goats, or chickens. Ensure the manure is properly composted or aged before use. Fresh manure can be too "hot" and burn plants.
- Compost the Manure: It is highly recommended to compost manure before adding it to the soil. This process kills harmful pathogens and reduces the risk of burning plants.
- Incorporate into Soil: Once composted, spread the manure evenly over the soil surface and till it in. The decomposition of the manure adds nutrients and organic matter, contributing to humus formation.
Key Factors for Humus Formation:
- Organic Matter: The foundation of humus is decaying organic matter.
- Microorganisms: Bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms are essential for breaking down organic materials.
- Moisture: Adequate moisture is necessary for microbial activity.
- Air: Oxygen is required for aerobic decomposition, which is the most efficient way to create humus.
- Time: The decomposition process takes time, so patience is key.
By following these methods, you can effectively contribute to the creation of humus in your garden or farm, leading to healthier soil and plants.
