Organic soil is organic primarily due to its composition: it's rich in decomposed organic matter derived from sources like animal manure, compost, and plant remains.
Here's a breakdown of what makes organic soil organic:
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Decomposed Organic Matter: The fundamental characteristic of organic soil is the presence of a significant amount of decomposed organic material. This material, also known as humus, is the end result of the natural breakdown of once-living organisms.
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Sources of Organic Matter: The organic matter comes from various sources:
- Animal Manure: Waste products from animals, rich in nutrients and microorganisms.
- Compost: Decomposed yard waste, food scraps, and other organic materials.
- Plant Decomposition: Dead leaves, stems, roots, and other plant parts.
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Microorganisms: Organic soil teems with beneficial microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, etc.). These microorganisms play a vital role in further breaking down organic matter and releasing nutrients into the soil in a form that plants can readily absorb.
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Nutrient Availability: The decomposition process transforms organic matter into essential nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.) that plants need to grow and thrive. These nutrients are released slowly and steadily, providing a sustained source of nourishment.
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Improved Soil Structure: Organic matter improves soil structure by:
- Increasing water retention: Helps the soil hold more water, reducing the need for frequent watering.
- Improving drainage: Prevents waterlogging and allows for better aeration.
- Enhancing aeration: Allows roots to breathe and access oxygen.
In essence, organic soil is a living ecosystem teeming with beneficial organisms and rich in decomposed organic material, providing a natural and sustainable source of nutrients for plant growth and improved soil health. It's this high concentration of decomposed organic matter and the resulting beneficial properties that differentiate it from mineral-based soils.
