A Japanese astronaut is most commonly called an astronaut.
While there isn't a specific, unique Japanese term for astronauts used as widely as "cosmonaut" (Russia) or "taikonaut" (China), Japan uses the internationally recognized term "astronaut" to refer to its space travelers. They are also sometimes referred to by descriptive phrases such as uchū hikōshi (宇宙飛行士) which translates literally to "space pilot" or "space flyer." However, "astronaut" is the generally accepted and understood term.
