The deadliest spider in the world is considered to be the Brazilian wandering spider (genus Phoneutria).
These spiders are highly venomous and pose a significant threat to humans due to several factors:
- Potent Neurotoxic Venom: The Phoneutria spiders possess a complex venom containing a potent neurotoxin that affects the nervous system.
- Aggressive Behavior: Unlike many spiders that prefer to avoid confrontation, Brazilian wandering spiders are known for their aggressive nature when threatened. They readily adopt a defensive posture and are quick to bite.
- Wandering Habits: These spiders do not build webs and are nomadic hunters, often found hiding in houses, shoes, and clothing, increasing the likelihood of human encounters.
- High Venom Delivery: Phoneutria spiders tend to inject a large amount of venom in a single bite, increasing the severity of the envenomation.
Effects of the Venom
The venom of Phoneutria spiders can cause a range of symptoms, including:
- Intense Pain: Victims experience immediate and severe pain at the bite site.
- Increased Blood Pressure and Heart Rate: The venom can disrupt cardiovascular function.
- Muscle Tremors and Spasms: Neurotoxic effects lead to involuntary muscle contractions.
- Breathing Difficulties: In severe cases, paralysis of the respiratory muscles can occur, leading to respiratory failure.
- Priapism: A characteristic symptom in males is priapism, a prolonged and painful erection.
Why Phoneutria is Considered Deadliest
While other spiders have potent venom, the combination of Phoneutria's venom toxicity, aggressive behavior, wandering habits, and tendency to deliver a significant amount of venom makes it the deadliest in terms of the potential impact on human health. Antivenom is available and effective if administered promptly.
