The four types of spine, more accurately referred to as sections of the spinal cord, are cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral.
The spinal cord is a crucial part of the central nervous system, running through the spinal column. Each of these sections houses different groups of nerves that control various functions of the body. Spinal cord injuries can impact function based on the section of the spine where the injury occurs.
Here's a breakdown of each section:
Spinal Cord Sections
| Section | Description | Functions Controlled |
|---|---|---|
| Cervical | Located in the neck, this section is the highest part of the spinal cord. It consists of the first seven vertebrae. | Controls the head, neck, arms, and diaphragm (breathing). |
| Thoracic | Located in the upper and mid-back, this section consists of twelve vertebrae. | Primarily controls the chest muscles, and upper abdominal muscles. |
| Lumbar | Located in the lower back, this section consists of five vertebrae. | Controls the legs, feet, and some lower abdominal muscles. |
| Sacral | Located at the base of the spine, it includes five fused vertebrae. | Controls the bowel, bladder, and sexual function, as well as the hips and thighs. |
Understanding the Impact of Spinal Cord Sections
- Cervical Injuries: Injuries here can result in tetraplegia (quadriplegia), affecting all four limbs and potentially impacting breathing.
- Thoracic Injuries: Injuries here typically result in paraplegia, affecting the legs and lower trunk.
- Lumbar Injuries: Injuries in this area also lead to paraplegia, potentially impacting legs and hips to varying degrees.
- Sacral Injuries: Injuries can impact bowel, bladder, and sexual function, as well as some leg movement.
Understanding the different sections of the spinal cord and the body functions they control is vital in the diagnosis and management of spinal cord injuries.
