A normal adult spleen typically ranges in length from 6 to 13 centimeters (cm) and weighs between 75 and 120 grams (g). However, spleen size is variable and depends on factors like age, sex, and body size. In slender young adults, it might even be palpable (able to be felt).
Factors Affecting Spleen Size
Several factors influence spleen size:
- Age: Spleen size changes throughout life.
- Sex: There may be slight variations between males and females.
- Body Size: Larger individuals tend to have larger spleens.
- Underlying Medical Conditions: Conditions like infections, liver disease, blood disorders, and certain cancers can cause splenomegaly, which is an enlarged spleen. An enlarged spleen can reach up to 20 cm in length and weigh over 1000 g.
Measuring Spleen Size
Spleen size is often measured using sonography (ultrasound). A normal adult spleen on sonography shows a length under 13 cm and a thickness of 5 cm or less. Other imaging techniques, such as CT scans, may also be used.
Examples of Spleen Size Variations
- Normal Adult: 6-13 cm in length, 75-120 g in weight.
- Enlarged Spleen (Splenomegaly): Up to 20 cm in length, over 1000 g in weight.
This variability highlights the importance of considering individual factors when assessing spleen size. A spleen outside the typical range doesn't automatically indicate a problem; it may simply reflect normal variation or be linked to other health factors. Medical professionals consider other clinical factors in addition to size when diagnosing conditions related to the spleen.
