The question "What killed spore?" is a bit unclear. To provide a helpful answer, let's rephrase it to: "What agents or methods are effective at killing spores?" Based on the provided reference, here's a breakdown:
Spores are highly resistant structures, so killing them requires specific and often harsh methods. Here's a summary of agents used for spore inactivation:
Spore Killing Agents and Methods
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
| Moist Heat (Autoclave) | Uses high pressure and saturated steam to achieve sterilization. |
| Dry Heat | Requires elevated temperatures for extended periods. |
| UV Radiation | Specifically at 254 nm, and more recently 222 nm and 400 nm wavelengths. |
| Ionizing Radiation | Various types used for sterilization purposes. |
| High Hydrostatic Pressures | Extreme pressure can disrupt spore structure and viability. |
| Chemical Decontaminants | A wide range of chemicals can be employed. |
Detailed Explanation
- Moist Heat: Autoclaving, using moist heat under pressure, is a common and effective method.
- Dry Heat: Requires higher temperatures and longer exposure times compared to moist heat.
- UV Radiation: Disrupts the DNA of the spore. Specific wavelengths (254 nm, 222nm, and 400 nm) are most effective.
- Ionizing Radiation: Damages the spore's DNA and other cellular components.
- High Hydrostatic Pressures: Physically disrupts the spore's structure.
- Chemical Decontaminants: These disrupt various cellular functions vital for spore survival. Examples include bleach, formaldehyde, and glutaraldehyde.
In conclusion, various physical and chemical methods can kill spores, each leveraging different mechanisms to disrupt their resistant structure and viability.
