Laying wood on stairs involves a multi-step process that transforms the staircase structure with durable and aesthetic wood components. The key phases typically include preparing the sub-structure, installing the vertical and horizontal pieces, adding safety features like balusters, and finishing the wood surface.
Here is a breakdown of the process:
The Steps to Installing Wood on Stairs
Professionally installing wood stairs involves precision and working sequentially from the risers to the treads and then the railing system.
Step One: Prepare the Structure
Before laying any wood, ensure the underlying staircase structure (stringers) is sound, level, and clean. Any old flooring, fasteners, or debris must be removed. This provides a solid base for the new wood.
Step Two: Install Risers
The riser is the vertical piece of wood that fits between one tread and the next.
- Place each riser against the frame underneath. Risers are typically installed first, fitting snugly against the structural frame of the stairs.
- Measure, cut, and test-fit each riser before permanently attaching it.
- Use construction adhesive and nails or screws to secure each riser firmly in place.
Step Three: Install Tread
The tread is the horizontal piece you step on. Installing treads requires careful fitting and secure fastening.
- Measure and cut each tread to fit precisely between the stringers and over the top edge of the riser below it.
- A small wedge of wood, shims also come in handy for squeaky stair repair. Shims are often used underneath treads to level them and eliminate gaps, which can prevent future squeaks by ensuring a tight fit against the structure and the riser below.
- Apply construction adhesive to the top of the riser and the structural support.
- Place the tread into position, ensuring it is level and flush.
- Fasten the tread from the top using finish nails or screws, often counter-sunk and filled later, or fasten from underneath if the stringer structure allows.
Step Four: Install Balustrade
The balustrade includes posts, handrails, and balusters (vertical spindles) and is crucial for safety and aesthetics.
- Install newel posts (larger posts at the top and bottom or turns).
- Install balusters, typically mortised into the treads or attached using specialized hardware.
- Install the handrail, attaching it securely to the newel posts and balusters.
Step Five: Sand and Finish
Once all wood components are installed, the final steps involve preparing the surface and applying a protective finish.
- Sand all wood surfaces, starting with coarser grit and moving to finer grits, to achieve a smooth, even finish. This removes imperfections and prepares the wood for staining or sealing.
- Clean the surfaces thoroughly to remove all dust.
- Apply your desired finish, such as stain, varnish, polyurethane, or paint, according to the product instructions. Multiple coats may be necessary for durability.
Following these steps ensures a solid, safe, and beautiful wooden staircase.
