Starch digestion is a process that breaks down complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars that the body can absorb and use for energy. Here's a breakdown of the process:
Stages of Starch Digestion
The digestion of starch happens in two main stages: in the mouth and in the small intestine.
1. Initial Digestion in the Mouth
- Salivary Amylase: The process begins in the mouth with the enzyme salivary amylase. This enzyme is secreted by the salivary glands and starts to break down starch molecules into smaller carbohydrates.
2. Further Digestion in the Small Intestine
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Pancreatic Amylase: While salivary amylase plays a role, the primary digestion of starch occurs in the small intestine, thanks to pancreatic amylase. This enzyme, produced by the pancreas, is secreted into the small intestine and continues the breakdown of starch. According to the reference material, the activity of pancreatic amylase is more important than that of salivary amylase.
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Hydrolysis: Amylase hydrolyzes (breaks down using water) starch molecules.
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End Products: The main end products of this enzymatic action are:
- Maltose (a disaccharide)
- Maltotriose (a trisaccharide)
- α-dextrins (small, branched oligosaccharides)
- Some glucose (a monosaccharide)
In summary, starch digestion involves the enzymatic action of amylases, primarily pancreatic amylase, breaking down complex starch into simpler sugars like maltose, maltotriose, α-dextrins, and glucose, which can then be absorbed by the body.
