Ashlar stones are made for masonry by being dressed or cut to a uniform shape, size, and surface appearance.
Understanding Ashlar Masonry
Ashlar is not just any stone; it refers to stone that has been specifically prepared for use in construction. Based on the definition provided, ashlar masonry is a type of stone construction characterized by a particular method of stone preparation and laying.
The Preparation of Ashlar Stones
The core aspect of how ashlar is "made" or prepared for construction lies in the meticulous shaping of the raw stone. The provided reference states that in ashlar masonry, all stones are dressed or cut to a uniform shape, size, and surface appearance. This process transforms rough stone into precisely shaped blocks ready for building.
While the reference doesn't detail the tools or techniques used for dressing and cutting (Historically, this involved skilled stonemasons using hammers, chisels, and saws), it clearly defines the goal and outcome of this preparation: consistency.
- Dressing: This term refers to shaping the stone, often smoothing the surface and edges.
- Cutting: This involves sawing or splitting the stone to achieve the desired dimensions.
The result is blocks that are highly consistent, allowing for a precise fit when laid.
Key Characteristics of Prepared Ashlar Stones
The preparation process ensures that ashlar stones possess specific uniform qualities:
- Uniform Shape: Typically rectangular or square blocks.
- Uniform Size: Consistent dimensions throughout a course or the entire structure.
- Uniform Surface Appearance: The face of the stone is finished to a consistent texture, whether smooth, rusticated, or otherwise.
Ashlar in Construction
Once the stones are prepared as ashlar, they are used in a distinctive construction method. They are laid in horizontal courses, or layers. A notable feature of ashlar masonry mentioned in the reference is that it uses very little of a supporting substance called mortar between them. This is possible precisely because the stones are so uniformly shaped and fitted together tightly. Ashlar masonry is known to be a very old type of construction.
Summary of Ashlar Stone Characteristics
Here's a quick look at the defining features of ashlar stones based on their preparation:
| Characteristic | Description (from reference) |
|---|---|
| Preparation Method | Dressed or cut |
| Outcome 1 | Uniform shape |
| Outcome 2 | Uniform size |
| Outcome 3 | Uniform surface appearance |
| Usage | Laid in horizontal courses with little mortar |
| Historical Note | A very old type of construction |
In essence, ashlar is made by transforming natural stone into precise, uniform blocks through dressing and cutting, specifically for use in high-quality masonry construction that requires minimal mortar.
