Skin is composed of stratified squamous epithelium, which is a type of epithelial tissue characterized by multiple layers of cells. This type of epithelium is found in areas that require protection, such as the outer layer of skin, the epidermis. Stratified squamous epithelium is responsible for protecting the body from microorganisms, injury, and water loss.
The epidermis, the outer layer of skin, is made up of five distinct layers:
- Stratum basale: The deepest layer, responsible for producing new cells.
- Stratum spinosum: A layer of cells that are connected by desmosomes, giving the cells a spiny appearance.
- Stratum granulosum: This layer contains cells that produce keratin, a protein that helps to toughen the skin.
- Stratum lucidum: This layer is only found in thick skin, like the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
- Stratum corneum: The outermost layer, made up of dead cells that are filled with keratin, providing a protective barrier.
