A secondary stress reaction is a set of observable reactions that occur when working with people who have experienced trauma, and these reactions closely mirror the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Essentially, it's the emotional toll taken on individuals who are exposed to the trauma of others.
Understanding Secondary Stress Reaction
This phenomenon highlights the impact that witnessing or hearing about traumatic events can have on those who are not directly involved. Professionals such as therapists, social workers, first responders, and even family members supporting survivors can experience these reactions (Osofsky, Putnam & Lederman, 2008; Figley, 1995).
How It Differs from PTSD
While secondary stress reaction shares similarities with PTSD, it's crucial to understand the difference:
- PTSD: Develops in individuals who directly experience a traumatic event.
- Secondary Stress Reaction: Develops in individuals who are exposed to the trauma of others.
Symptoms and Manifestations
Secondary stress reactions can manifest in various ways, often resembling the symptoms of PTSD. Some common symptoms include:
- Intrusive Thoughts: Unwanted and disturbing thoughts or images related to the trauma experienced by others.
- Avoidance: Tendency to avoid situations, conversations, or reminders of the trauma.
- Hyperarousal: Increased anxiety, irritability, difficulty sleeping, or heightened startle response.
- Emotional Numbness: Feeling detached, emotionally disconnected, or a reduced ability to experience emotions.
- Changes in Behavior: Difficulty concentrating, increased substance use, or altered relationships.
Practical Insights
Understanding secondary stress reaction is crucial for those working closely with traumatized individuals. Awareness can help in early identification and intervention. Some practical approaches include:
- Self-Care: Prioritize activities that promote mental and emotional well-being, such as exercise, mindfulness, and hobbies.
- Support Systems: Seek support from colleagues, mentors, or therapists.
- Setting Boundaries: Learn to set healthy boundaries to avoid excessive exposure to traumatic content.
- Training: Provide training to individuals working with traumatized populations to recognize the signs of secondary stress reaction.
- Supervision: Engage in regular supervision that allows for discussion of cases and identification of secondary stress reactions.
Example
For instance, a therapist working with survivors of child abuse might experience intrusive thoughts of the abuse details or begin to feel emotionally numb. These symptoms are not a result of personal trauma, but of their exposure to the trauma of their clients.
By recognizing and addressing the symptoms of secondary stress reaction, individuals in these professions can protect their well-being while still providing effective support to those in need. This is vital for maintaining both personal well-being and professional effectiveness.
