The first stage of stress is known as the alarm reaction stage, often referred to as the "fight-or-flight" response. This stage is characterized by the body's initial physiological response to a perceived threat.
During this stage, the sympathetic nervous system is activated, releasing hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones trigger various bodily changes, including:
- Increased heart rate and blood pressure: To deliver more oxygen to muscles for potential action.
- Rapid breathing: To increase oxygen intake.
- Muscle tension: To prepare for physical exertion.
- Pupil dilation: To enhance vision.
- Increased blood flow to muscles: To provide energy for action.
- Digestive system slowing down: To divert energy to more critical functions.
This response prepares the body to either confront the stressor (fight) or flee from it (flight).
Practical Insights:
Understanding the alarm reaction stage can help you manage stress effectively. When you feel stressed, recognizing the physiological changes happening in your body can help you identify the cause of stress and take steps to mitigate its effects.
Example:
Imagine you're walking down a dark street at night and hear a noise behind you. Your body instinctively enters the alarm reaction stage. You might feel your heart racing, your breathing quicken, and your muscles tense as your body prepares to either face the potential threat or run away.
