Gowning in surgery refers to the process of donning a sterile surgical gown to create a sterile barrier, preventing the transfer of microorganisms to the surgical field from the surgical team. This is a crucial step in maintaining aseptic technique and minimizing the risk of surgical site infections.
Importance of Gowning
The primary purpose of gowning is to maintain a sterile field during surgical procedures. Surgical gowns are made of materials that are impervious to fluids and microorganisms, providing a protective barrier between the surgical team and the patient. Proper gowning technique is essential for:
- Preventing contamination: Reducing the risk of bacteria and other pathogens entering the surgical site.
- Protecting the surgical team: Providing a barrier against potentially infectious materials from the patient.
- Maintaining a sterile environment: Ensuring the surgical field remains free from contamination, which is critical for patient safety and successful surgical outcomes.
The Gowning Procedure
The scrub person, typically a surgical technician or nurse, will assist other surgical team members with gowning after they have completed the surgical scrub. The process typically involves the following steps:
- Preparation: The scrub person prepares a sterile field or designated area, away from the main sterile back table, with the sterile gown and gloves.
- Gown Handling: The scrub person carefully lifts the folded gown directly upward from the sterile package. It is vital to avoid touching the outside of the gown, as it's considered sterile.
- Donning the Gown: The scrub person holds the gown away from their body and allows it to unfold. They then slide their arms into the sleeves, keeping their hands within the cuffs of the sleeves until gloved.
- Assistance: A circulating nurse (who is not scrubbed) assists by pulling the gown over the shoulders, fastening the back closures, and tying the inner ties.
- Gloving: After gowning, sterile gloves are put on using a closed-gloving or open-gloving technique depending on the situation.
Key Considerations for Gowning
- Sterile Technique: Maintaining strict sterile technique throughout the gowning process is paramount. Any break in sterility requires a new gown and gloves.
- Gown Material: Surgical gowns are made of various materials, including disposable and reusable fabrics. The choice of material depends on the type of surgery, the level of fluid exposure, and hospital policies.
- Proper Fit: A well-fitting gown is essential for comfort and mobility during surgery. The gown should be long enough to cover the knees and have adequate sleeve length.
Types of Gowning Techniques
The method of gowning will vary depending on if the person is self-gowning or being gowned. Also, the gloving technique will impact the specific steps involved.
