The process of swallowing involves a complex interplay of various muscles. The muscles that are directly involved in elevating the hyoid bone and thus aiding in swallowing, as identified in the reference, are primarily the suprahyoid muscles:
Muscles Involved in Swallowing
Here’s a breakdown of the key muscles and their roles, drawing from the reference:
Suprahyoid Muscles
These muscles are crucial for the first phase of swallowing, helping to lift the hyoid bone. This action is critical for the safe passage of food into the esophagus and away from the trachea. The suprahyoid muscles, mentioned in the reference, include:
- Digastric: This muscle has two bellies and is innervated by two cranial nerves: the mandibular nerve (CN V3) and the facial nerve (CN VII).
- Stylohyoid: This muscle is innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII).
- Geniohyoid: This muscle receives its nerve supply from the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).
- Mylohyoid: This muscle is innervated by the mandibular nerve (CN V3).
Palate Muscles
The reference also notes the important role of the palate during swallowing.
- The palate must tense to provide a stable base. This tense palate is essential so that the pharynx can properly elevate during the swallowing process.
How These Muscles Work Together
The muscles mentioned function together to ensure efficient and safe swallowing:
- Tensing of the Palate: The muscles in the palate create a stable surface that aids the movement of the pharynx.
- Elevation of the Hyoid Bone: The suprahyoid muscles (digastric, stylohyoid, geniohyoid, and mylohyoid) contract, which elevates the hyoid bone.
- Pharyngeal Elevation: With the help of the tense palate, the pharynx elevates, enabling the opening of the esophagus and the prevention of food from entering the airway.
These actions ensure that the swallowed material is directed correctly towards the digestive tract.
