A quarter turn tap operates by using ceramic discs to control the flow of water, requiring only a 90-degree rotation to go from completely off to full pressure.
Understanding the Mechanism of Quarter Turn Taps
Quarter turn taps, often recognised for their modern design and ease of operation, function through an internal valve mechanism that differs significantly from older compression-style taps. Instead of a washer that is screwed down to stop water flow, they utilise precisely engineered ceramic discs.
The Role of Ceramic Discs
The core component of a quarter turn tap is its ceramic cartridge, which typically houses two highly polished, flat ceramic discs fitted tightly together. These discs are incredibly hard and smooth, allowing them to slide over each other with minimal friction.
- One disc is stationary: This disc has holes that align with the water inlets from the tap body.
- The other disc is movable: This disc is connected to the tap handle and has corresponding holes.
When the tap handle is turned, the movable ceramic disc rotates over the stationary one.
How Water Flow is Controlled
- Tap Off: The holes in the movable disc are out of alignment with the holes in the stationary disc, completely blocking the water flow.
- Turning On: As you rotate the handle (and the movable disc), the holes begin to align. This allows water to pass through the increasingly larger opening created by the alignment.
- Full Pressure: When the tap is turned a full 90 degrees from the off position, the holes in both ceramic discs are completely aligned, permitting maximum water flow at full pressure.
As stated in the reference provided, quarter turn taps use ceramic discs and is only a 90 degree turn to be on full pressure. This mechanism contrasts sharply with traditional washer-based taps, which "are at least two and a half turns to turn on to full pressure."
Key Advantages of Quarter Turn Taps
The ceramic disc design provides several benefits:
- Quick Operation: Easy and fast on/off function with minimal turning.
- Durability: Ceramic discs are very hard and resistant to wear and tear, leading to a longer lifespan compared to rubber washers.
- Leak Resistance: The tight seal formed by the polished ceramic surfaces is highly effective at preventing drips and leaks, reducing the common maintenance issue of replacing worn washers.
- Precise Flow Control: Although the turn range is small, it's easy to control the water flow rate within that 90-degree arc.
By relying on the precise alignment and blockage provided by ceramic discs over a short rotation, quarter turn taps offer a reliable, user-friendly, and durable solution for controlling water flow.
