How is TB Started?
Tuberculosis (TB) is started by infection with the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterium causes the disease.
On March 24, 1882, Dr. Robert Koch made a groundbreaking announcement at the Berlin Physiological Society conference. His presentation, "Die Aetiologie der Tuberculose," revealed the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria responsible for causing tuberculosis. This discovery revolutionized the understanding of TB, proving it to be an infectious disease, not a hereditary one, as previously believed. [CDC, News-Medical, NCBI PMC, Wikipedia]
Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
While the origin of M. tuberculosis is theorized to be in East Africa millions of years ago [News-Medical, ScienceDirect], the transmission of the disease occurs through the air. When an infected person coughs, speaks, or sings, they release tiny droplets containing the bacteria. These droplets can then be inhaled by others, initiating infection.
Latent TB Infection vs. Active TB Disease
Infection with M. tuberculosis doesn't automatically lead to active TB disease. Many people develop a latent TB infection, meaning they carry the bacteria but don't show symptoms and aren't contagious. [Mayo Clinic] Active TB disease, where symptoms appear and the person is contagious, generally develops months or years after the initial infection. [Mayo Clinic]
Factors Influencing TB Development
Several factors can influence the progression from latent TB infection to active TB disease. These include a weakened immune system (e.g., due to HIV infection), malnutrition, and certain underlying health conditions. [NIH] Individuals with HIV and active TB require treatment for both diseases, with the timing and medication choices depending on specific factors. [NIH]
