Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by bacteria that primarily affects the lungs. While anyone can contract TB, certain individuals are at higher risk of developing the disease. These include:
- People with HIV: HIV weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to TB infection.
- Children under 5 years old: Children with underdeveloped immune systems are more vulnerable to TB.
- People recently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Individuals who have recently been exposed to the TB germ are at increased risk of developing active TB.
- Individuals with weakened immune systems: This includes people with conditions like diabetes, kidney failure, or those undergoing cancer treatment.
- Substance users: Injection drug use can increase the risk of TB infection.
- People receiving specialized treatment for rheumatoid arthritis: Certain medications used to treat rheumatoid arthritis can suppress the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to TB.
It's important to note that not everyone who is infected with the TB germ develops active TB disease. Some people may have latent TB infection, meaning they carry the bacteria but do not experience any symptoms and cannot spread the disease. However, if left untreated, latent TB can progress to active TB.
