Tea processing primarily involves transforming fresh tea leaves into the various types of tea we consume. The most common method, known as the orthodox method, involves a series of well-defined stages that influence the tea's final characteristics. Let's explore these steps:
The Orthodox Tea Processing Method
The orthodox tea processing method consists of four key stages:
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Withering:
- Freshly harvested tea leaves are spread out and allowed to air dry.
- This reduces the moisture content of the leaves, making them more pliable.
- Withering prepares the leaves for the next stage by softening them and initiating some chemical changes.
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Rolling:
- The withered leaves are then rolled or crushed.
- This process breaks down the cell structure of the leaf.
- Rolling also releases enzymes and juices that play a critical role in the oxidation stage.
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Oxidation:
- The rolled leaves are spread out in a cool, humid environment.
- During oxidation, the enzymes in the leaves react with oxygen.
- This reaction develops the tea's unique flavor, aroma and color.
- The duration of this stage determines the tea's final type (e.g., green, black, oolong).
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Drying:
- Finally, the oxidized leaves are dried using hot air.
- Drying halts the oxidation process.
- This reduces the tea's moisture content and prepares it for packaging and consumption.
| Stage | Description | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Withering | Fresh leaves are air-dried, reducing moisture content. | Makes leaves pliable for rolling; begins chemical changes. |
| Rolling | Leaves are crushed or rolled. | Breaks down cell structure; releases enzymes for oxidation. |
| Oxidation | Rolled leaves are exposed to oxygen, causing enzymatic reactions. | Develops the tea's color, flavor, and aroma; determines the type of tea. |
| Drying | Oxidized leaves are dried with hot air. | Stops oxidation; reduces moisture content, making it suitable for packaging and storage. |
This orthodox method ensures that the tea's characteristic flavors and aromas are fully developed and preserved, resulting in a high-quality beverage.
