Several diseases can attack tendons, broadly falling into categories like inflammatory conditions, infections, and genetic disorders. Tendinopathy (including tendinitis and tendinosis) is a common term for tendon disorders, but the underlying cause can vary.
Inflammatory Conditions
Inflammatory conditions can directly or indirectly affect tendons:
- Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): As mentioned in the reference text, RA is an autoimmune disorder that affects connective tissue throughout the body, including tendons. The inflammation associated with RA can lead to tendon damage and rupture.
- Spondyloarthritis: This is a group of inflammatory diseases that can affect tendons, especially at the points where they insert into bone (entheses). Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of spondyloarthritis.
- Gout: Gout, caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals, can inflame tendons and surrounding tissues, especially in the feet.
- Reactive Arthritis: This type of arthritis can develop after an infection and can affect tendons, causing pain and inflammation.
Infections
Infections can directly attack tendons, although this is less common:
- Bacterial Infections: Bacteria can sometimes infect tendons, leading to septic tenosynovitis (inflammation of the tendon sheath) or even tendon rupture. Staphylococcus aureus is a common culprit.
Genetic Disorders
Certain genetic conditions can weaken tendons and make them more susceptible to injury and disease:
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS): Various types of EDS can affect collagen, a major component of tendons, leading to increased tendon laxity and risk of rupture.
- Marfan Syndrome: This genetic disorder affects connective tissue and can result in weakened tendons and ligaments.
Other Contributing Factors
While not diseases themselves, other factors can contribute to tendon problems:
- Age: Tendons become less flexible and more prone to injury with age.
- Overuse: Repetitive strain injuries can lead to tendinopathy.
- Certain Medications: Some medications, like fluoroquinolone antibiotics, have been associated with an increased risk of tendon rupture.
In summary, various diseases and conditions can impact tendons, with inflammatory disorders like rheumatoid arthritis being a common example. Understanding the underlying cause is essential for effective treatment.
