De Quervain's tenosynovitis is a condition characterized by swelling of the tendons that run along the thumb side of the wrist and attach to the base of the thumb. This swelling occurs when the tendons become constricted by the sheath they pass through from the wrist to the hand.
Understanding the Basics
Here's a more detailed breakdown of De Quervain's tenosynovitis:
- Tendons and Sheaths: Tendons are strong, fibrous cords that connect muscles to bones. They allow us to move our joints. These tendons pass through protective sheaths which help them glide smoothly.
- Constriction and Inflammation: In De Quervain's, the tendons on the thumb side of the wrist become inflamed and thickened. This inflammation causes the sheaths to narrow, making it difficult for the tendons to move freely. This constriction causes pain and discomfort.
Key Characteristics of De Quervain's Syndrome
Here's a table outlining key aspects of this condition:
| Characteristic | Description |
|---|---|
| Location | Thumb side of the wrist |
| Affected Structures | Tendons and their surrounding sheaths |
| Mechanism | Swelling and constriction of tendons within their sheaths |
| Primary Symptom | Pain on the thumb side of the wrist, often aggravated by thumb and wrist movements |
| Causes | Overuse, repetitive movements, inflammation |
Symptoms and Signs
Common symptoms include:
- Pain near the base of the thumb, especially when moving the thumb or wrist.
- Tenderness to the touch on the thumb side of the wrist.
- Difficulty with gripping and pinching actions.
- Possible swelling and a "catching" sensation when moving the thumb.
- Sometimes, a slight bump might be palpable along the thumb side of the wrist.
How it Happens
Several factors may contribute to De Quervain's tenosynovitis:
- Repetitive Motions: Activities involving repetitive hand or wrist movements (like using a keyboard, gardening, or lifting) are common causes.
- Overuse: Any activity that puts excessive strain on the wrist and thumb tendons can lead to the condition.
- Inflammation: An underlying inflammatory condition may also contribute to the swelling and constriction.
Treatment
Treatment for De Quervain's Syndrome is aimed at reducing inflammation and pain and includes:
- Rest: Avoiding activities that worsen symptoms.
- Splinting: Wearing a splint to immobilize the thumb and wrist.
- Medications: Using anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs).
- Physical Therapy: Exercises to improve range of motion and strengthen the affected area.
- Corticosteroid Injections: Injections may help reduce inflammation.
- Surgery: In severe cases, surgery to release the constricted sheath may be necessary.
