Tendons fail primarily due to a combination of overuse, age-related changes, injury, and disease. Here's a breakdown:
Causes of Tendon Failure
Tendon failure, also known as a tendon rupture or tear, occurs when the tensile load applied to the tendon exceeds its ability to withstand that force. Several factors contribute to this:
- Overuse: Repetitive motions and excessive strain on a tendon, especially without adequate rest, can lead to micro-tears and eventual failure. This is a common cause of tendinopathy.
- Age: As we age, tendons naturally lose elasticity and become weaker, making them more susceptible to injury. Collagen fibers become disorganized, and blood supply to the tendon can decrease, impairing healing.
- Injury: A sudden, forceful impact or awkward movement can cause an acute tendon rupture. This could include falls or direct blows to the tendon.
- Disease-Related Changes: Certain medical conditions and medications can weaken tendons. Examples include:
- Diabetes
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Gout
- Some antibiotics (fluoroquinolones)
- Steroid use
Risk Factors for Tendon Disorders
Several risk factors increase the likelihood of tendon failure, according to the provided information:
- Excessive Force: Applying loads greater than the tendon can tolerate.
- Repetitive Movements: Performing the same motions repeatedly.
- Frequent Overhead Reaching: Putting tendons in the shoulder and upper back at risk.
- Vibration: Prolonged exposure to vibration.
- Awkward Postures: Maintaining positions that put stress on tendons.
Preventing Tendon Failure
While not all tendon failures are preventable, you can take steps to reduce your risk:
- Proper Warm-up: Prepare muscles and tendons before activity.
- Gradual Increase in Activity: Avoid sudden increases in intensity or duration.
- Correct Technique: Ensure proper form during exercise and activities.
- Adequate Rest: Allow tendons time to recover between activities.
- Strength Training: Strengthen the muscles surrounding the tendon.
- Ergonomics: Optimize your workstation and posture to reduce strain.
| Cause | Description |
|---|---|
| Overuse | Repetitive strain leading to micro-tears. |
| Age | Loss of tendon elasticity and weakening with age. |
| Injury | Sudden, forceful impact causing rupture. |
| Disease/Medication | Conditions and drugs that weaken tendon structure. |
