In informational text, problem-solution is a common pattern of organization used to present information clearly and logically.
Defining Problem-Solution Structure
Problem and solution is a pattern of organization where information in a passage is expressed as a dilemma or concerning issue (a problem) and something that was, can be, or should be done to remedy this issue (solution or attempted solution). This structure helps readers understand a specific issue and the ways people have tried, or could try, to address it.
It’s a straightforward way for authors to inform readers about challenging situations and the actions taken or proposed to overcome them. This pattern is particularly useful in texts discussing social issues, scientific challenges, historical events, or technological difficulties.
How the Pattern Works
This organizational pattern typically unfolds in two main parts:
- The Problem: The text first introduces and describes a specific problem. This might involve explaining its causes, effects, and significance.
- The Solution(s): Following the description of the problem, the text presents one or more solutions. These solutions could be actions already taken, proposed plans, or potential remedies. The text might discuss the effectiveness of different solutions or compare various approaches.
Think of it as presenting a challenge and then offering the answer or the steps taken to find the answer.
Common Examples
Many types of informational texts utilize the problem-solution structure. Here are a few examples:
- Scientific Articles: Discussing a disease (problem) and the research into a cure or treatment (solution).
- News Reports: Covering a community issue like traffic congestion (problem) and proposing infrastructure improvements (solution).
- Historical Accounts: Explaining an obstacle faced by a civilization (problem) and how they overcame it (solution).
- Technical Manuals: Identifying a common issue with a device (problem) and providing troubleshooting steps (solution).
- Essays on Social Issues: Describing poverty (problem) and suggesting policy changes or aid programs (solutions).
Identifying Signal Words
Authors often use specific words or phrases to signal when they are introducing a problem or a solution. The reference mentions Signal Words?, highlighting their importance.
These signal words act as signposts for the reader, making the text easier to follow.
Here's a look at some common signal words:
| Introducing a Problem | Introducing a Solution |
|---|---|
| Problem | Solution |
| Issue | Answer |
| Challenge | Remedy |
| Difficulty | Resolution |
| Dilemma | Steps taken |
| Concern | Improved |
| Question | Solved |
| Needs to be addressed | One answer is |
| The question is how to... | The problem was solved by.. |
| Example sentence: Air pollution is a major problem in cities. | Example sentence: Developing renewable energy sources offers a potential solution. |
By recognizing these words, readers can quickly identify the problem being discussed and the proposed remedies.
In Summary
The problem-solution structure is a powerful tool in informational text. It provides a clear, logical flow that helps readers grasp complex issues and understand the approaches taken to resolve them. It moves from identifying an issue to exploring ways to fix it, making the information relatable and actionable.
