A thunderstorm cloud is called a cumulonimbus cloud. These impressive clouds are also known as thunderheads, reflecting their association with the dramatic weather phenomena they produce.
Understanding Cumulonimbus Clouds
Cumulonimbus clouds (Cb) are towering, dense clouds characterized by significant vertical development. They are the only cloud type capable of producing hail, thunder, and lightning. NOAA and the Met Office both confirm this. Their base is often flat, contrasting sharply with their billowing, anvil-shaped tops which can reach altitudes of over 60,000 feet. The strong updrafts within these clouds are crucial for their formation and are responsible for feeding air into the thunderstorm. (Fox Weather)
Characteristics of Cumulonimbus Clouds:
- Vertical Development: These clouds exhibit significant vertical growth, extending from low levels to high altitudes in the troposphere.
- Severe Weather Potential: Cumulonimbus clouds are responsible for heavy downpours, hailstorms, lightning strikes, and even tornadoes. (Wikipedia)
- Cloud-to-Ground Lightning: The most common type of lightning originates from these clouds, involving a channel of negative charge. (NOAA)
- Formation: They can form individually, in clusters, or along squall lines. (Wikipedia)
Other Related Cloud Types
It's important to note that a cumulus cloud that shows significant vertical development but hasn't yet become a thunderstorm is called cumulus congestus or towering cumulus. Only when the cloud reaches its full thunderstorm potential does it become a cumulonimbus. (Weather.gov)
