Thyroid cells are the building blocks of the thyroid gland, a crucial endocrine gland responsible for regulating metabolism. There are two main types:
1. Follicular Cells
- Primary Function: These cuboidal cells form the walls of thyroid follicles, the structural and functional units of the thyroid gland [5]. Their main job is to produce and secrete thyroid hormones, vital for controlling metabolism, heart rate, blood pressure, and many other bodily functions. [5] The follicular cells are derived from the endoderm. [5]
2. Parafollicular Cells (C-cells)
While not as extensively discussed in the provided references, it's important to note that parafollicular cells, also known as C-cells, are another type of cell found within the thyroid gland. These cells produce calcitonin, a hormone that helps regulate calcium levels in the blood.
Thyroid Cancer and Cellular Changes
Sometimes, changes within these thyroid cells can lead to cancer. The most common types of thyroid cancer include papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic, each differing in aggressiveness and characteristics. [7, 8] These cancers highlight the importance of healthy thyroid cell function. [7, 8]
In Summary
Thyroid cells are essential components of the thyroid gland, with follicular cells primarily responsible for hormone production and parafollicular cells producing calcitonin. Their proper function is vital for overall health and well-being. Disruptions can lead to various health problems, including thyroid cancer.
