What are C cells?
C cells, also known as parafollicular cells, are neuroendocrine cells located within the thyroid gland. Their primary function is the synthesis, storage, and secretion of calcitonin, a hormone crucial for regulating calcium levels in the blood.
- Location: Situated between the thyroid follicles.
- Size: Larger than the follicular cells of the thyroid.
- Origin: Derived from neural crest cells during embryonic development.
- Function: Secrete calcitonin, a hormone that lowers blood calcium levels. This helps maintain calcium homeostasis.
- Clinical Significance: C-cell abnormalities can lead to conditions like C-cell hyperplasia and medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), a tumor arising from these cells. A calcitonin test can help detect these conditions.
C Cell Function in Detail:
C cells respond to elevated serum calcium levels by releasing calcitonin. Calcitonin acts on bone and kidneys to reduce calcium absorption and increase calcium excretion, thus lowering blood calcium levels. This intricate feedback mechanism is essential for maintaining calcium balance within a healthy range.
C Cell Related Conditions:
- C-cell hyperplasia: Abnormal growth of C cells.
- Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC): A type of thyroid cancer originating from C cells.
The importance of C cells in maintaining calcium homeostasis and their potential to develop into cancerous tumors highlights their significant role in human health.
