Timber framing connections are typically made using traditional joinery techniques or modern steel fasteners.
Connecting timber framing involves creating strong, load-bearing joints that hold the large wooden members together. These connections are crucial for the structural integrity of the frame. Based on the reference provided, joinery can be traditional – made with mortises and tenons held together with wooden pegs, or steel connections can be used the bolt the timber together. It can be simple or complex.
Methods for Connecting Timber Framing
There are two primary approaches to joining timber frame components:
1. Traditional Joinery
This method relies on crafting precise wooden joints that interlock.
- Mortise and Tenon: This is a foundational traditional joint. A 'mortise' is a rectangular hole cut into one timber, while a 'tenon' is a corresponding projection shaped on the end of the connecting timber.
- Securing with Wooden Pegs: Once the mortise and tenon are fitted together, the joint is commonly secured by drilling a hole through both pieces and driving a wooden peg (often made of durable hardwood) through the hole. This locks the joint in place.
- Complexity: Traditional joinery can range from very simple (like a basic mortise and tenon) to highly complex joints designed for specific structural challenges.
2. Modern Steel Connections
This approach utilizes metal hardware to fasten the timbers together.
- Steel Fasteners: Steel plates, brackets, angles, and other custom-fabricated connectors are used to bridge the connection between timbers.
- Bolting: The reference specifically mentions that steel connections can be used the bolt the timber together. This involves drilling holes through the timbers and the steel connectors and securing them tightly with heavy-duty steel bolts, washers, and nuts.
- Advantages: Steel connections can sometimes simplify assembly on site and provide very high strength, especially for certain load conditions.
Both traditional and modern methods are effective for creating durable timber frames, often chosen based on design aesthetics, structural requirements, budget, and builder expertise.
Comparison of Connection Methods
Here is a simple table summarizing the two main connection types mentioned:
| Feature | Traditional Joinery (Mortise & Tenon) | Modern Connections (Steel) |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Material | Wood | Steel |
| Connection Type | Interlocking wood joints | Fasteners (bolts, plates) |
| Securing Method | Wooden pegs | Steel bolts, washers, nuts |
| Aesthetics | Visible wood joinery | Visible steel hardware |
Regardless of the method used, proper design and execution are essential for ensuring the strength and longevity of the timber frame structure.
