Proper preservation of a tissue biopsy is crucial for accurate diagnosis and research. The key is to minimize degradation and maintain the tissue's structural integrity.
Immediate Fixation: The First Step
The most important step is to place the tissue biopsy in a fixative as quickly as possible. Delaying fixation leads to autolysis (self-digestion) and degradation, compromising the sample's quality.
Preferred Fixative: 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin
The preferred fixative is 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF). This solution effectively cross-links proteins, preventing enzymatic degradation and preserving the tissue's morphology. The ideal tissue-to-formalin ratio is 1:10, ensuring complete penetration and fixation.
Alternative Preservation Methods
If 10% NBF is unavailable, the tissue should be refrigerated and shipped cold. This is a temporary measure and should be followed by fixation with NBF as soon as possible.
Important Considerations:
- Time Sensitivity: Rapid fixation is paramount. The longer the delay, the greater the risk of artifact formation and diagnostic inaccuracies.
- Appropriate Ratio: Maintaining the correct tissue-to-formalin ratio is essential for complete penetration and effective fixation.
- Transportation: If immediate fixation is impossible, refrigeration and cold shipping are crucial temporary preservation methods.
