TMJ is considered both a medical and a dental problem, or more accurately, a complex condition that often requires collaboration between medical and dental professionals.
Historically, conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were primarily viewed and treated within the dental field. As referenced, "Since 1936 TMJ has been primarily treated by dentists." This was often due to the close relationship of the joint to the oral cavity, teeth, and masticatory (chewing) muscles, which fall under dental expertise.
However, current understanding recognizes TMJ as a complex condition influenced by numerous factors beyond just the oral structures. As highlighted in the reference, "today, we know TMJ to be a complex condition with many biological systems (circulatory, digestive, endocrine, exocrine, immune, muscular, nervous, reproductive, respiratory, and skeletal) playing a role, indicating the need to bring the medical and other ..." professions together. This broad involvement of multiple body systems means that TMJ issues can be influenced by or contribute to wider medical conditions.
Understanding the Complexity of TMJ
The involvement of various biological systems underscores why TMJ is not solely limited to dental care. These systems include:
- Circulatory: Affecting blood flow to the area.
- Digestive: Potential links through stress or nutritional factors.
- Endocrine & Exocrine: Hormonal influences or glandular issues.
- Immune: Inflammatory processes affecting the joint.
- Muscular: Critical role in jaw movement, often a primary source of pain.
- Nervous: Pain pathways and nerve function are central to symptoms.
- Reproductive: Hormonal cycles can sometimes influence symptoms.
- Respiratory: Airway issues can impact jaw posture.
- Skeletal: The joint structure itself and surrounding bones.
Because of this interconnectedness, effective management of TMJ disorders often involves a multidisciplinary approach, potentially including dentists, physicians, physical therapists, and other specialists.
