Your 16-month-old's gums likely bleed when you brush because of gingivitis, an inflammation of the gums.
Understanding Gingivitis in Toddlers
Gingivitis is a common condition, even in young children. It's primarily caused by a buildup of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, on the teeth and gums. Here's a breakdown of how it happens:
- Plaque Formation: Bacteria in your child's mouth feed on sugars and starches from the food they eat, producing acids that form plaque.
- Tartar Development: If plaque isn't removed regularly through brushing, it hardens into tartar (also known as calculus).
- Gum Inflammation: Plaque and tartar irritate the gum tissue, leading to inflammation (gingivitis).
- Bleeding Gums: Inflamed gum tissue becomes more sensitive and prone to bleeding, especially when brushed.
Key Factors Contributing to Bleeding Gums:
- Inadequate Oral Hygiene: Insufficient or infrequent brushing allows plaque to accumulate.
- Diet: A diet high in sugary and starchy foods promotes plaque formation.
- Brushing Technique: Brushing too hard or using an inappropriate toothbrush can also irritate the gums.
- Underlying Medical Conditions: Although less common, certain medical conditions or medications can contribute to gum inflammation.
What You Can Do:
- Gentle and Thorough Brushing: Brush your child's teeth twice a day with a soft-bristled toothbrush. Use a small amount of fluoride toothpaste (a smear is enough for this age). Focus on gently cleaning along the gumline.
- Regular Dental Checkups: Schedule regular checkups with a pediatric dentist. They can professionally clean your child's teeth and identify any potential issues early on.
- Limit Sugary Foods and Drinks: Reduce your child's intake of sugary snacks and drinks to minimize plaque formation.
- Proper Brushing Technique: Ensure you are using the correct brushing technique. The dentist can demonstrate proper techniques for brushing a toddler's teeth and gums.
When to Seek Professional Advice:
While bleeding gums are often a sign of gingivitis, it's always best to consult with a pediatric dentist. They can determine the underlying cause of the bleeding and recommend appropriate treatment. If the bleeding is excessive, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms such as redness, swelling, or bad breath, seek professional dental advice promptly.
