Train speeds vary significantly depending on numerous factors, most notably the type of train and the quality and classification of the railway track it is operating on. In the United States, speed limits are largely governed by Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) track classes, which dictate the maximum authorized speed for trains on specific sections of track.
Based on the provided information regarding U.S. rail speed limits, trains operate at different maximum speeds according to the track class and whether they are freight or passenger trains.
US Rail Speed Limits by Track Class
The following table, derived from the Rail speed limits in the United States information, shows the maximum permitted speeds for different track classes:
| Track Class | Freight Train Maximum Speed | Passenger Train Maximum Speed |
|---|---|---|
| Class 3 | 40 mph (64 km/h) | 60 mph (97 km/h) |
| Class 4 | 60 mph (97 km/h) | 80 mph (129 km/h) |
| Class 5 | 80 mph (129 km/h) | 90 mph (145 km/h) |
| Class 6 | Not specified | 110 mph (177 km/h) |
Understanding Track Classes and Speeds
- Track Class refers to a designation based on the physical condition and construction standards of the track. Higher numbered classes generally indicate tracks that are better maintained and capable of supporting higher speeds safely.
- Freight Trains typically operate at lower maximum speeds than passenger trains, even on the same track class, due to their heavier loads and braking requirements.
- Passenger Trains, including high-speed rail services, can reach much higher speeds on tracks designed and maintained to meet the standards of higher classes, such as Class 6.
Therefore, the speed a train goes depends directly on the track class it is running on and its type (freight or passenger), with specific maximum limits defined for each combination in the United States by regulations based on these classifications.
