What is Generalization Translation Technique?

The generalization translation technique involves using a more general or neutral term in the target language to translate a more specific or particular term from the source language.

Understanding Generalization in Translation

Generalization is a common linguistic strategy employed by translators when a direct equivalent for a source term does not exist in the target language, or when the specific term would not be understood or is less relevant to the target audience. Instead of finding a precise one-to-one match, the translator opts for a broader category word that encompasses the meaning of the original term.

This technique prioritizes clarity and comprehensibility for the target reader, ensuring the message is conveyed effectively even if some specific nuances of the original term are lost. It is a method of navigating semantic gaps between languages.

Practical Examples

The provided reference offers clear illustrations of generalization:

• Translating various French terms that refer to different types of windows or shop fronts (guichet, fenêtre, devanture) into the single, more general English term window.
• Translating the specific German term for a type of sausage (bratwurst) into the more generic English term sausage.

These examples demonstrate how distinct source terms are mapped to a single, broader term in the target language for simplicity and accessibility.

Generalization vs. Particularization

Generalization stands in contrast to another translation technique known as particularization.

• Generalization: Moving from a specific source term to a more general target term.
• Particularization: Moving from a general source term to a more specific target term.

These two techniques represent opposite approaches to managing specificity and generality during the translation process.

When is Generalization Useful?

Translators might use generalization in various scenarios:

• When the specific source term has no common or direct equivalent in the target language.
• When the specific detail is not crucial for the overall meaning of the text and using a more general term improves flow or understanding.
• When localizing content for a broad audience unfamiliar with specific cultural or regional terms.
• To maintain a consistent level of formality or register.

Employing generalization requires careful judgment to ensure that essential information or intended effect of the source text is not unduly compromised.