A tubercular granuloma is a specific type of organized structure that forms in the body as a result of tuberculosis (TB) infection. It's essentially a defensive mechanism the body uses to wall off and contain the infection.
Composition of a Tubercular Granuloma
According to the provided reference, a tubercular granuloma consists mainly of:
- Macrophages: These are immune cells that engulf and digest pathogens. They are recruited to the site of infection.
- Multinucleated Giant Cells: These are formed by the fusion of multiple macrophages and are involved in engulfing larger particles.
- Epithelioid Cells: These are modified macrophages that have a flattened, epithelial-like appearance. They contribute to the structure of the granuloma.
- Foamy Cells: These are macrophages that contain lipid droplets in their cytoplasm. Their role in tuberculosis is not fully understood, but they may contribute to the persistence of the infection.
- Lymphocytes: These are immune cells that surround the core of macrophages and other cells. These include T cells and B cells, which coordinate the immune response.
These cells are organized into a characteristic structure to contain the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria.
Structure of a Tubercular Granuloma
The structure helps to isolate the infection:
- Central Core: Contains infected macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, epithelioid cells, and foamy cells.
- Lymphocyte Rim: A surrounding layer of lymphocytes helps to control the infection and coordinate the immune response.
Function of a Tubercular Granuloma
- Containment: The granuloma's primary function is to prevent the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Immune Response: It serves as a site for immune cell interaction and activation.
- Pathogen Control: The cells within the granuloma attempt to kill or inhibit the growth of the bacteria.
