Tuberculosis (TB) can affect various body parts beyond just the lungs.
How TB Spreads
When TB bacteria become active, they multiply and can spread from the lungs to other parts of the body via the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
Body Parts Affected by TB
Here's a breakdown of the body parts that TB can impact, according to the American Lung Association:
| Body Part | How TB Affects It |
|---|---|
| Lungs | The most common site of TB infection. The bacteria multiply in the lung tissue, leading to respiratory symptoms. |
| Lymph Nodes | TB can spread to the lymph nodes, causing them to swell. |
| Bones | TB can infect bones, leading to bone pain, stiffness, and even structural damage. |
| Kidneys | Renal TB can damage the kidneys, leading to kidney dysfunction. |
| Brain | TB can affect the brain, causing meningitis or brain abscesses. |
| Spine | Spinal TB can cause severe back pain and neurological problems if left untreated. |
| Skin | Though less common, TB can sometimes manifest as skin lesions. |
Understanding TB's Impact
- Systemic Disease: TB isn't limited to the respiratory system, highlighting its nature as a systemic disease that can affect various organ systems.
- Spread: TB bacteria move through the blood or lymphatic system from the lungs to other parts of the body.
- Active vs. Latent TB: Active TB means the bacteria are multiplying and causing illness, whereas latent TB means the bacteria are present but not causing disease. Only active TB causes symptoms and spreads to other body parts.
