The Mantoux test, also known as a tuberculin skin test (TST) or PPD test, is a common way to detect the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes tuberculosis (TB). The full form of Mantoux test is not an acronym and doesn't have a specific expanded form. The name "Mantoux" comes from the technique used to administer the test, which was developed by the French physician Charles Mantoux.
The Mantoux test involves injecting a small amount of purified protein derivative (PPD), a solution containing TB antigens, into the skin. The reaction to the PPD is observed 48-72 hours after the injection. If a person has been infected with TB, their immune system will react to the PPD, causing a raised bump or induration at the injection site.
The Mantoux test is often used to:
- Screen for latent TB infection (LTBI): This means that the person has been infected with TB bacteria but does not have active TB disease.
- Diagnose active TB disease: This is a more serious form of TB that can cause symptoms such as cough, fever, and weight loss.
It's important to note that a positive Mantoux test does not necessarily mean that a person has active TB disease. Further testing, such as a chest x-ray or sputum culture, may be needed to confirm a diagnosis.
Here are some additional points about the Mantoux test:
- Other names: The Mantoux test is also known as the Mendel–Mantoux test, Mantoux screening test, tuberculin sensitivity test, Pirquet test, or PPD test.
- History: The test was developed in 1908 by Charles Mantoux, a French physician.
- Procedure: The test involves injecting a small amount of PPD into the skin of the forearm.
- Results: The results are read 48-72 hours after the injection. A positive result is indicated by a raised bump or induration at the injection site.
