IP and CP in TB refer to the two distinct phases of tuberculosis treatment: the Intensive Phase (IP) and the Continuation Phase (CP).
These phases are crucial for effectively eradicating the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria from the body and preventing drug resistance. The duration and specific drugs used in each phase can vary depending on factors such as the patient's age, HIV status, and drug susceptibility of the TB strain.
Here's a breakdown of each phase:
1. Intensive Phase (IP):
- Purpose: To rapidly kill the majority of TB bacteria in the body.
- Duration: Typically lasts for 2 months.
- Drugs Used: Usually involves a combination of four first-line anti-TB drugs:
- Isoniazid (INH)
- Rifampicin (RIF)
- Pyrazinamide (PZA)
- Ethambutol (EMB)
- Key Goal: To significantly reduce the bacterial load and prevent the development of drug resistance. Adherence to medication during this phase is paramount.
2. Continuation Phase (CP):
- Purpose: To eliminate any remaining TB bacteria, prevent relapse, and achieve a complete cure.
- Duration: Typically lasts for 4 months (can be longer in certain cases).
- Drugs Used: Usually involves a combination of two first-line anti-TB drugs:
- Isoniazid (INH)
- Rifampicin (RIF)
- Key Goal: To ensure the complete eradication of the TB bacteria. Continued adherence to medication is crucial during this phase to prevent relapse.
In summary, the IP and CP represent a structured approach to TB treatment, designed to maximize efficacy and minimize the risk of drug resistance and relapse. The success of TB treatment relies heavily on patient adherence to the prescribed medication regimen throughout both phases. Following treatment completion, patients undergo follow-up evaluations at 6, 12, 18, and 24-month intervals to monitor for any signs of relapse and ensure long-term cure.
