What Kind of Vaccine is BCG?
BCG is a live attenuated vaccine derived from Mycobacterium bovis, a bacterium related to the tuberculosis-causing Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It's primarily used to prevent tuberculosis (TB) and other mycobacterial infections. Developed by Calmette and Guerin, it was first used in humans in 1921 and remains the only available vaccine against TB.
- Primary Use: BCG's main purpose is to protect against tuberculosis. [Source: Multiple sources including the CDC and NHS websites.]
- Global Usage: While widely used globally, its application varies by country. For example, it's not routinely used in the United States. [Source: CDC website]
- Mechanism of Action: BCG works by stimulating an immune response, preparing the body to fight off Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. [Inferred from multiple sources describing it as a preventative vaccine].
- Additional Potential Benefits: Emerging research suggests potential benefits against other immune-related diseases, such as type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis, although these are still under investigation. [Source: Cell Reports Medicine article]
BCG Vaccine: Key Features
- Live Attenuated: This means the vaccine uses a weakened form of the bacteria, stimulating immunity without causing disease. [Source: Multiple sources defining BCG's nature].
- Not 100% Effective: The vaccine's effectiveness varies depending on factors such as the strain used and the individual's immune system. [Implied from the discussion of its usage and effectiveness in different populations]
- Not a Cure: BCG prevents disease, but it doesn't treat active TB infections. [Inferred from its usage as a preventative vaccine]
