TB lumps, more accurately referred to as tuberculosis (TB) lumps or swellings, typically refer to scrofula, an infection in the lymph nodes, most commonly in the neck.
Understanding Scrofula: Mycobacterial Cervical Lymphadenitis
Scrofula is a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, meaning it occurs outside of the lungs. It specifically affects the lymph nodes, most often in the neck, causing them to become swollen and sometimes discolored. While usually painless, the swelling is a key characteristic.
Causes of Scrofula:
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis: This is the most common cause, being the bacteria that causes traditional tuberculosis.
- Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM): Other mycobacteria besides Mycobacterium tuberculosis can also cause scrofula.
Symptoms of Scrofula:
- Swollen lymph nodes: Primarily in the neck, these are often the most noticeable symptom.
- Painless lump(s): The swelling is generally not painful, although it can become tender.
- Discoloration: The skin over the affected lymph nodes may become discolored.
- Other TB Symptoms: In some cases, individuals may also experience other symptoms of tuberculosis, such as:
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Night sweats
- Weight loss
Diagnosis and Treatment:
Diagnosis usually involves:
- Physical Examination: A doctor will examine the swollen lymph nodes.
- Biopsy: A sample of the affected lymph node may be taken for testing to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection.
- Imaging: Imaging tests like a CT scan or MRI can help visualize the extent of the infection.
Treatment typically involves:
- Antibiotics: A course of antibiotics is prescribed to kill the bacteria causing the infection. The specific antibiotics and the duration of treatment will depend on whether the infection is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis or NTM.
- Drainage or Surgical Removal: In some cases, draining the pus from the infected lymph node or surgically removing the affected lymph node may be necessary.
Important Considerations:
- If you suspect you have TB lumps or scrofula, it's crucial to seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent the infection from spreading and causing more serious health problems.
- TB is contagious and primarily spreads through the air when a person with active TB coughs, speaks, or sings.
- Adherence to the prescribed antibiotic regimen is crucial for successful treatment.
