Finding epithelial cells in urine isn't automatically cause for alarm. A small number is normal, as these cells naturally shed from the lining of the urinary tract. However, a high number of epithelial cells can signal a problem.
What are Epithelial Cells?
Epithelial cells are the cells that form the protective lining of many surfaces in your body, including your skin and the inner lining of your organs and blood vessels. They act as a barrier. In the urinary tract, these cells line the bladder, urethra, and kidneys.
What Does a High Number of Epithelial Cells Mean?
The presence of a large number of epithelial cells in your urine sample can indicate several things:
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): This is a common cause. Inflammation from the infection causes increased shedding of epithelial cells.
- Inflammation: Inflammation in the urinary tract, regardless of infection, leads to increased cell shedding.
- Kidney Disease: Kidney problems can also result in more epithelial cells in the urine.
- Contamination: In some cases, particularly if squamous epithelial cells are present, the urine sample may have been contaminated during collection. This means that cells from the skin around the urethra were included.
Types of Epithelial Cells in Urine:
Different types of epithelial cells provide different clues:
- Squamous epithelial cells: These are large, flat cells usually found on the outer layers of skin. Their presence might indicate contamination of the sample.
- Transitional epithelial cells: These cells line the ureters, bladder, and parts of the urethra. Finding a moderate number can be normal, but increased numbers may indicate a problem.
- Renal tubular epithelial cells: These cells originate from the kidney tubules. An increased number often suggests kidney damage.
When to See a Doctor
If your urine test shows a high number of epithelial cells, it's essential to consult a doctor. They can determine the cause and recommend appropriate treatment. Don't self-diagnose or self-treat.
[Source: MedlinePlus, Medical News Today, Healthline, Cleveland Clinic, and other cited sources.]
