Urine typically contains a small number of epithelial cells, which are cells that line the surfaces of organs and cavities. There are three main types of epithelial cells found in urine:
- Transitional cells: These cells are found in the lining of the urinary tract, from the renal pelvis to the urethra. They are able to stretch and change shape as the bladder fills and empties.
- Renal (kidney) tubular cells: These cells are found in the lining of the kidney tubules. Their presence in urine may indicate a problem with the kidneys.
- Squamous cells: These cells are found in the lining of the urethra and vagina. They are often found in urine samples that have been contaminated.
A high number of epithelial cells in urine can indicate a variety of problems, including:
- Urinary tract infection (UTI): This is a common infection that can cause inflammation and irritation of the urinary tract.
- Yeast infection: This type of infection can also cause inflammation and irritation of the urinary tract.
- Kidney disease: This can damage the kidney tubules, leading to the release of renal tubular cells into the urine.
- Bladder cancer: This can cause abnormal cells to shed from the bladder lining, which can be detected in the urine.
It is important to note that a small number of epithelial cells in urine is normal. However, if you are experiencing symptoms such as pain, burning, or frequent urination, it is important to see a doctor to have your urine tested.
