In the context of urology, SPT refers to a suprapubic tube, which is a type of urinary catheter. This isn't a specific branch of urology, but rather a procedure performed by urologists.
Here's a more detailed explanation:
A suprapubic tube (SPT) is a catheter surgically inserted into the bladder through an incision in the lower abdomen. This provides an alternative route for urine drainage when the urethra is blocked or damaged, or when long-term catheterization is required.
Why is an SPT used?
An SPT may be necessary in various situations, including:
- Urethral obstruction: Blockage of the urethra due to strictures, prostate enlargement, or other conditions.
- Urethral injury: Trauma or surgical complications affecting the urethra.
- Long-term catheterization: When a patient requires a catheter for an extended period (e.g., due to neurogenic bladder).
- After certain surgeries: As a temporary measure following pelvic or urological surgery.
Procedure Overview:
The SPT insertion procedure typically involves the following steps:
- Preparation: The patient is prepped and draped in a sterile manner.
- Anesthesia: Local or general anesthesia may be used.
- Incision: A small incision is made in the lower abdomen, just above the pubic bone.
- Bladder Puncture: Using a needle or trocar, the bladder is punctured.
- Catheter Insertion: The suprapubic catheter is inserted through the puncture and into the bladder.
- Balloon Inflation: A balloon on the tip of the catheter is inflated to secure it in place.
- Securing the Catheter: The catheter is secured to the abdomen with sutures or adhesive dressings.
- Drainage Bag Attachment: A drainage bag is connected to the catheter to collect urine.
Benefits of SPT over Urethral Catheterization:
- Reduced risk of urethral damage: Avoids trauma to the urethra.
- Improved patient comfort: Can be more comfortable than a urethral catheter, especially for long-term use.
- Sexual activity: Allows for sexual activity without catheter interference.
- Easier bladder management: Facilitates bladder irrigation and instillation of medications.
Potential Complications:
While generally safe, SPT insertion can have potential complications, including:
- Infection: Urinary tract infection or infection at the insertion site.
- Bleeding: Bleeding from the incision site or within the bladder.
- Bladder perforation: Rare, but possible during insertion.
- Catheter blockage: Blockage of the catheter with debris or blood clots.
- Leakage: Urine leakage around the catheter.
In conclusion, SPT in urology refers to the use of a suprapubic tube, a surgically placed catheter for bladder drainage, and isn't a distinct subspecialty.
