DNA vaccines are delivered using various methods aimed at getting the DNA into the cells of the body. Physical methods are thought to increase the efficiency of DNA vaccines by enhancing transfection.
Here's a breakdown of common delivery methods:
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Physical Methods: These methods aim to directly introduce the DNA into cells.
- Particle Bombardment: Also known as gene gun, this involves shooting microscopic gold particles coated with DNA into the cells.
- High-Pressure Delivery: This uses a jet injector to force the DNA solution into the cells under high pressure.
- Dermal Patches (Microneedle Array): Patches containing tiny needles deliver the DNA into the skin.
- Epidermal Tattoo: Using a tattoo-like device to deliver the DNA into the epidermal layer of the skin.
- Electroporation (EP): This method uses electrical pulses to create temporary pores in cell membranes, allowing DNA to enter.
