The full form of the TB vaccine is Bacillus Calmette-Guérin or BCG.
Understanding the TB Vaccine (BCG)
The BCG vaccine is the only currently available vaccine against tuberculosis (TB). It uses a weakened (attenuated) form of Mycobacterium bovis, a bacterium related to the one that causes TB in humans (Mycobacterium tuberculosis).
Key Facts about BCG
- Development: The vaccine was developed by Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin, which is why it's named after them. It was first administered to humans in 1921.
- Mechanism: The BCG vaccine works by stimulating the immune system to recognize and fight off the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria.
- Effectiveness: While effective in preventing severe forms of TB in children, its efficacy in preventing pulmonary TB (the most common form in adults) is variable.
Table Summarizing BCG Vaccine
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Bacillus Calmette-Guérin |
| Type | Live attenuated vaccine |
| Bacteria | Mycobacterium bovis (weakened) |
| Purpose | Prevention of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections |
| Developers | Calmette and Guérin |
| First Use | 1921 |
| Effectiveness | Highly effective against severe TB in children; variable effectiveness against pulmonary TB in adults |
How BCG Works
- The BCG vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine, which means it uses a weakened form of the bacterium.
- After vaccination, the body’s immune system is activated.
- Immune cells are trained to recognize the Mycobacterium bovis bacteria and respond.
- This response provides partial protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
Additional Notes
- The BCG vaccine is most effective in children.
- It provides more protection against severe forms of TB, such as TB meningitis, rather than pulmonary TB.
- BCG vaccination is a key part of tuberculosis control programs in many countries.
