Yes, a turnip is a root vegetable.
Turnips belong to the Brassicaceae family, also known as the mustard family. This family includes other well-known vegetables like broccoli, cabbage, and radishes. The defining characteristic of a root vegetable is that the edible portion is the plant's root. In the case of turnips, the bulbous part that grows underground is the primary part consumed. Turnips are typically harvested in the spring and fall. While the most common type has a light purple top and white bottom, there are over 30 different varieties with various shapes and colors.