The transmission and the differential are both vital parts of a vehicle's drivetrain, but they serve distinct functions. The transmission manages engine speed and torque, while the differential manages power distribution to the wheels.
Transmission
The transmission's primary job is to efficiently transfer power from the engine to the wheels by changing the gear ratio. This allows the engine to operate within its optimal speed range while providing the necessary torque for different driving conditions (acceleration, cruising, climbing hills, etc.).
- Function: Modifies engine torque and speed to drive the wheels.
- Location: Typically located between the engine and the driveshaft (in rear-wheel-drive vehicles) or integrated into the front axle assembly (in front-wheel-drive vehicles).
- Key Components: Gears, shafts, clutches (in manual transmissions), or torque converter and planetary gears (in automatic transmissions).
- Fluid: Transmission fluid is used for lubricating and cooling the intricate components. As mentioned in the reference, transmission fluid is responsible for lubricating and cooling the intricate components of your vehicle's transmission system.
Differential
The differential allows the wheels on the same axle to rotate at different speeds. This is crucial when turning, as the outside wheel needs to travel a greater distance than the inside wheel. Without a differential, the wheels would bind or slip during turns.
- Function: Allows wheels on the same axle to rotate at different speeds.
- Location: Located on the axle connecting the wheels, typically at the center of the axle.
- Key Components: Gears (including a ring gear and pinion gear), and spider gears.
- Fluid: Differential fluid (gear oil) lubricates and protects the gears and bearings. The reference highlights that differential fluid, also known as gear oil, is specifically formulated to lubricate and protect the gears and bearings within the differential housing.
Summary Table
| Feature | Transmission | Differential |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Role | Modifying torque and speed | Allowing wheels to rotate at different speeds |
| Location | Between engine and driveshaft/axle | On the axle between the wheels |
| Fluid Type | Transmission Fluid | Differential Fluid (Gear Oil) |
