The question is rephrased to "Which snakes are venomous?" to reflect the correct terminology. Venomous snakes inject toxins, while poisonous organisms are toxic when ingested or touched.
The "Big Four" Venomous Snakes of India
According to the reference provided, four species of terrestrial venomous snakes are commonly found in India, known as the "big four". These are:
- Spectacled Cobra (Naja naja)
- Common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus)
- Russell's Viper (Daboia russelii)
- Saw-scaled Viper (Echis carinatus)
Table of Venomous Snakes
| Common Name | Scientific Name |
|---|---|
| Spectacled Cobra | Naja naja |
| Common Krait | Bungarus caeruleus |
| Russell's Viper | Daboia russelii |
| Saw-scaled Viper | Echis carinatus |
These snakes are considered particularly dangerous because their venom can cause significant harm to humans.
Understanding Venom vs. Poison
It's crucial to distinguish between venom and poison:
- Venom is a toxic substance that is injected into a victim, usually through a bite or sting.
- Poison is a toxic substance that is harmful when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin.
Therefore, while it is commonly said that a snake is poisonous, it should be correctly said that a snake is venomous. This is because snakes deliver toxins through a bite (injection of venom) and not through touch, which would define something as poisonous.
Key Characteristics and Behaviors
- Each of these "big four" snakes has unique characteristics, behaviors, and specific types of venom that they inject.
- Understanding their features and habitats helps in preventing potential snake bites.
What to Do if Bitten
If you are bitten by a venomous snake:
- Seek medical attention immediately.
- Try to identify the snake if possible (without getting close).
- Stay calm and avoid unnecessary movement.
- Remove any tight clothing or jewelry from the affected limb.
- Do not apply a tourniquet, try to suck out the venom, or apply ice. These actions can cause further harm.
